solubility 2

  whksl iu;=,s;;djh 2

1   hus ,jKhla c,fha o%djH jSu  isoqjkafka wehs@

                    

2  NaCl  fhdod .ksuska  th iuSlrKhla u.ska fmkajd fokak

  

3  iq¿ jYfhka c,fha o%djH jk ,jK f;darkak

                

4  iq¿ jYfhka c,fha o%djH jSug fya;=j ,shkak

              

5  o%djH;dj jevslsrsug fhdod .; yels Wml%u ,shkak

              

6 ika;Dma; o%djKhl  ,laIK i|yka lrkaak

             

7          CaC₂O₄ (s) ,jKh ie,ls,a,g .ksuska  >khla iu. whk mj;ajk iu;+,s;;dj ksrEmkh lsrSug   iuSlrKhla ,shkak

8 fus i|yd iu;=,s;;d ksh; m%ldYkh ,shkak

                    

9 tu w.h .Kkh lsrSug wjYH ls%hd ud¾.h ,shkak

 

10 fuu iu;=,s;;dj fjkia l< yelafla flfia o@

 

11 my; oelafjk tla tla wjia:d fjs oS  by; moaO;sfha ljr ixrplhl idkao%Kh

fjkia fjhs o@

        

 CaC₂O₄ (s)  5g la tl;= lsrsu   

 C₂O₄^-- _(aq)  0.1M 5ml la tl;= lsrsu    

 Ca⁺⁺_(aq)  0.1M 5ml la tl;= lsrsu   s 

12 tjekakla isoq jsu  iu;=,s;;d ksh;hg flfia n,mdhs o@

  

13 jslsrKYS,S le,aishus wvx.= Ca*C₂O₄ (s)  5g la tl;= lsrsfu ka miq   fmfrkfha  jslsrKYS,;dj mj;skq we;ao@ thg fya;= fokak

s

14 wmg wjYH  mrsos  Ca⁺⁺_(aq)   whk idkao%Kh wvq lsrSug l=ula l< hq;= o@

     

15 wmg wjYH  mrsos C₂O₄^-- _(aq)   whk idkao%Kh wvq lsrSug l=ula l< hq;= o@

16 whk idkao%Kh wvq jkafka l=ula iEoSu ksid o@  ta nj fidhd .; yelafla flfia o@

17  legdhk usY%Khlska  wjYH whkh wjlafIamhla f,i fjkalr .ekSug fhdod .kakd  l%uh  l=ula o@ 

18 fuysoS fjka lr .kakd legdhkh i;=j mej;sh hq;= ,laIKh ,shkak

19 fuysoS fjka lr .kakd legdhkh i;=j mej;sh hq;= ,laIKh ,shkak

20 jdIamSlrKh jevsjk jsg ,qKq f,ajdhl ,qKq legs .efikafka wehs@

21 ldKav fjkalsrSfus oS Ndjs;d jk wvq o%djH;djla we;s laf,darhsv  lsysmhla y|qkajkak

22 usY%Khla ;=, by; i|yka legdhk wvx.= fjhs kus th wjlafIam lsrSug l=uk whkhla  tl;= l< hq;= o@

23  wdrusNl  Cl^-  whk ^;kql whk o%djKhlska&  nsxoqj tl;= l< jsg isoqjkafka l=ula o@

24  Cl^-  whk ^;kql whk o%djKhlska&  nsxoqj ne.ska os.ska os.gu  tl;= lrk jsg isoqjkafka  l=ula o@

25 fuu wjia:dfjs oS th ika;Dma; o%djKhla f,i y|qkajkafka wehs@

26 tu wjia:djg t,USu iu. o%djKfha  legdhk idkao%Kh fijsug  Tng ljr o;a;hla wjYH o@

27 oS we;s w.hhka Ndjs;  lruska tla tla  ika;Dma; o%djK j,  whk idkao%kh .Kkh lrkak

‍

  

Alcohol

 1 uOHidr olajk m%;sls%hd fudkjd o@

2 tys we;s - OH ldKavh bj;a jSfus yelshdj r|d mj;skafka ljr idOlhla u;o@

3 -OH iys; ldnka mrudKqfjs jsoHq;a OkNdjh thg iusnkaO we,alhs,a ldKav .Kk u; flfia fjkia fjhs o@

4 jsoHq;a Ok;djh wvqjk jsg -OH ldKavhg l=ula isoqfjhs o@

5 fuu ixfhda. j, ye,ckh bj;ajSfus m%;sls%hd fjs.h wvqjk ms<sfj,g olajkak' 

6 m%dfhda.sl f,i jsoHd.drfhaoS th ksrSlaIKh lrkafka flfia o@

7 tfia bj;ajk jsg tu ia:dkhg meusfka hehs wfmalaId lrk ldKav lsysmhla ,shkak'tys mj;sk ,laIKhla ,shkak '

8 tjeks ldKavhla y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

9 idkao% HCl iu. isoqlrk m%;sls%hdfjs hdka;%Kh fokak'

10 wdus,sl KMnO₄ yd wdus,sl K₂Cr₂O₇ iu. ,efnk M, ,shkak' ,efnk ksrSlaIK fudkjd o@

11 f,dayuh fidavshus iu. idokafka ljr M,hkao@

12 TlaislrKh isoqjk wjia:d olajkak'

13 tiagr idokafka ljrla iu. o@ wjYH m%;sl%shl ,shkak'

14 fuys my; i|yka tiagr iEoSug wjYH lrk m%;sls%hl j, kus ,shkak

15      1 C₆H₅COO C₂H₅            2 (CH₃)₂ CH COO C₆H₅

lsishus tiagrhla c,js okh l< jsg iqoq meye;s wjlafIamhla ,enqKs ' ta i|yd wjYH m%;sls%hl ,shkak'

iEfok tla M,hl ku i|yka lrkak'

16  uOHidrhlska we,alhs,a fya,hsv iEoSu i|yd Ndjs; l< fkdyels m%;sl%shl f;darkak

1 r;= P jsc, uOHidr yd Br₂ 2 PBr₃ 3 msrsvSka we;s jsg SOCl2 4. Cl2 yd NaOH

4 CH₃MgBr 5. ZnCl2 yd HCl iu. m%;sjdy lsrSu

ALKYLE HAIIDE

we,alhs,a fya,hsv 

Wod - CH₃ CH₂ Cl

1 we,alhs,a fya,hsv olajk m%;sls%hd fudkjd o@

2 tys ye,ckh bj;a jSfus yelshdj r|d mj;skafka ljr idOlhla u;o@

3 ye,ckh iys; ldnka mrudKqfjs jsoHq;a OkNdjh thg iusnkaO we,alhs,a ldKav .Kk u; flfia fjkia fjhs o@

4 jsoHq;a Ok;djh wvqjk jsg ye,ckhg l=ula isoqfjhs o@

A - - (CH₃)₃ C Cl                   C – C₆H₅ CH₂ CH₂ Cl                     B--- (CH₃)₂ C H Cl

5 fuu ixfhda. j, ye,ckh bj;ajSfus m%;sls%hd fjs.h wvqjk ms<sfj,g olajkak' 

6 m%dfhda.sl f,i jsoHd.drfhaoS th ksrSlaIKh lrkafka flfia o@

7 tfia bj;ajk jsg tu ia:dkhg meusfka hehs wfmalaId lrk ldKav lsysmhla ,shkak'tys mj;sk ,laIKhla ,shkak '

8 tjeks ldKavhla y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

9 wefudakshd iu. isoqlrk m%;sls%hdfjs hdka;%Kh fokak'


 

A - - (CH₃)₃ C Cl C – C₆H₅ CH₂ CH₂ Cl B--- (CH₃)₂C H Cl D – C₆H₅ Cl

10 jvd ia:dhS C - Cl nkaOkh yuq jkafka ljr ixfhda.fha o@

11 thg fya;= ,shkak

12 jskdvs 5 ld,hla ;+, ldur WIaK;ajfhaaoS myiqfjka bj;a jsh yels ye,ck mrudKq orkafka ljrla o@

     A yd B

13 tu bj;a jSfus yelshdj r|d mj;sk idOl fudkjd o@

14 C-Cl ldnka mrudKqfjs jsoHq;a Ok nj jevsjSug fya;=jk idOl ,shkak'

15 C₆H₅ CH₂ CN hk wKqj idod .kafka flfia o@

16 .%Skdvs m%;sldrlh idod .kafka flfia o@

E -C₆H₅ CH₂ CH Cl₂        F- C₆H₅ CH₂ CH ₂Cl

17 by; ixfhda. w;=rska we,alSk fyda we,alhsk ,nd.; yelafla flfia o@ wjYH ;;aj fokak'

,efnk M, i|yka lrkak'