Enthalpy 1

tka;e,ams

1 oS we;s m%;sls%hd w;=rska ;dm fjkiajSula olakg ,efnk m%;sls%hd y|qkajkak

wefudakshus ;fhdaihfkags iu.  fnsrshus yhsfv%dlaihsvs m%;sls%hdj

 wefudakshus laf,darhsvs c,fha  osh lsrsu

fidavshus yhsfv%dlaihsvs c,fha  osh lsrsu

2 ta i|yd iuslrK ,shkak

3 NaOH.%eus 10 la c,h 250 ml ;=, o%jKh lr we;ehs is;kak Tn n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ksrslaIKh ,shkak

moaO;sfha WIaK;ajh by< hdu

4 NaOH .%eus 10 la th c,h 250 ml  la ;=, o%jKh l< jsg  wfmalaId lrk fjki ,shkak

5 Tnf.a  ks.ukh l=ula o@

6 tu wjia:d foflysoS msgjk ;dm m%udKh fjkia fjhs o@

7 NaOH .%eus 10 la c,h 250 ml ;=, o%jKh lr we;ehs is;kak Tn n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ksrslaIKh ,shkak

fuysoS isoqjk WIaK;aj w.h l,ska ,nd.;a w.hg idfmalaIj flfia fjkia fjhs o@

8 fus wkqj ;dm uskqus ,nd .kakd jsg l=ula ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a jsh hq=;=o@

9 WIaK;ajh u; yd msvkh u; fuysos msgjk ;dm m%udKh fjkia fjhs tu ksid

fjkia fjhs tu ksid iusu;hla Ndjs; lsrsu wjYH jS we; iusu; msvkh yd WIaK;ajh

lSho@

10 ksoyia jk ;dmh uek .ekSu i|yd wjYH uskqus i|yka lrkak

11 ksoyia jk ;dmh uek .ekSu i|yd iuslrKhla ,shkak

12 jsoHd.drfha oS m%dfhda.sl f,i fuh ueksfus oS jsYsIaG ;dm Odrs;dj w.h fjkqjg ,nd .kafka l=uk w.h o@

13 jsoHd.drfha oS m%dfhda.sl f,i fuh ueksfus oS o%djKfha ialkaOh w.h fjkqjg ,nd .kafka l=uk w.h o@

thg fya;=j l=ulao@

14 tu w.hhka m%udKh  u; fjkiajk .=Khka ksid m%dfhda.sl f,i w.h fijSug we;s wmyiq;dj ksid

15 mod¾:fha m%udKh u; r|d mj;sk fujeks .=K ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

16 mod¾:fha m%udKh u; r|d fkdmj;sk .=K ljr kulska y|qkajhs o@

17 ta i|yd WodyrK fokak

Convalent bond 2

16 my; i|yka wKq w;frka jvd;a m%n, iy ixhqc nkaOkh n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka ljr wKqj ;=, o@

HF  ,HCl, HBr, HI

thg fya;=j ,shkak

17 HCl j,g idfmalaIj fuys mj;sk fjkila i|yka lrkak

18 tjeks  oaqjsO%ejhla fjk;a oajsO%ejhla wdl¾IKh ksid we;sjk nkaOk fudkjd o@

19 ldKavfha mj;sk wfkl=;a yhsv%hsv wKq w;r fujeks m%n,  olakg fkdue;af;a uka o@

20 tfy;a HCl, HBr, HI jeks ixfhda. j, o%jdxl yd ;dmdxl ldKavfha my<g  hkjsg iq¿ jYfhka  jevsfjhs

ta l=ula ksido@

21 HF,HCl, HBr, HI yhsv%hsv j, mj;sk ;dmdxlfha yd o%jdxlfha  fujeks fjkiajsus rgd ljr ldKav j, yuq fjhs o@

22 jsoHq;a iDK;dj w;ska ma,qfjdrska bosrsfhka isgShs tfy;a c,fha ;dmdxlh  HF j,g  jvd by<h

fya;=j ,shkak

23  c, wKqj jgd  jevsu  yhsv%cka nkaOk .Kkla mj;sk  wjia:djla ,shkak

24 whsia j, >k;ajh wvq jkafka wehs@

25 tu ,laIKh ksid c,fha we;sjk .=Kdx.hla ,shkak

26 th csjskag n,mdkafka flfia o@

27 HF jeks wKqjla iuSmhg wdfrdamKhla f.k .sh jsg we;s lrk N%uKh uek .; yelafla flfia o@

28 iusm%hqla; oajsO%ej >Q¾Kh Y+kH jk wKq fudkjd o@

   

29 oajsO%ej >Q¾Kh iys; wKq kus lrkafka ljrla f,ig o@

30 ks¾O%ejsh wKqjla  O%ejsh wKqjla njg m;ajk wjia:d ;sfns o@ tfia kus ta ljr fya;=jla ksid o@

31 tjeks wiuus;sl ;;ajhka ksid we;sjk nkaOk j¾.hla ,shkak

32 fujeks nkaOk ieoSula m%fhdackj;a jk wjia:djla i|yka lrkak

33 iDK whkhla fya;=fjka ks¾O%ejsh wKqjla iu. wka;¾ wKql nkaOk idok wjia:djlg WodyrKhla  fokak

34 tu nkaOk y|qkajk ku ,shkak