Atomic Configuration

mrudKqjl iajNdjh

1 mrudKqjl wrfha jsYd,;aj .Kh lsh o@

2 kHIagshl wrfha jsYd,;aj .Kh lsh o@

3 mrudKqjl mj;sk bf,lafg%dak m%Odk Yla;s ugsgus lShl mej;sh yels o@ tajd fudkjd o@

  

4 mrudKqjl mj;sk bf,lafg%dak m%Odk Yla;s ugsgus   mj;sk Wm ugsgus fudkjd o@

      

5 tla tla m%Odk ugsgfus Wm ugsgus lShla mj;S o@

K   --- 

L   ---- 

M ----  

 N ---- 

O  ---

 P  ---

,Q---  

6 tla tla Wm ugsgfus bf,lafg%dak lShla mj;shs o@

               s   --- 

               p  --- 

               d  --- 

               f  --- 

7 ldlaIslhl mej;sh yels bf,lafgd%ak .Kk lSh o@ ljr kshufhka th m%ldY fjhs o@

       

8 Wm ugsgul ldlaIsl  lShla mj;So@

                s      -----      

                p     -----    

            d     -----     

             f     -----     

9 m%Odk Yla;s ugsgul mj;sk bf,lafgd%ak .Kk;a mrudKqfjs ia:dhs ;dj;a w;r mj;sk iusnkaO;dj l=ula o@

10 ta yer ia:dhS jsh yels fjk;a wjia:djla ,shkak

11  ldlaIsl j, g bf,lafg%dak msrsfus os oel .; yels rgdj l=ula o@

12 ldlaIsl j,  we;s  ;ks bf,lafg%dak y|qkajkafka ljr kulska o@

 13 Wmugsgus j, bf,lafg%dak lShla ta i|yd mej;sh hq;= o@

                  s   ---- 

                  p  -----

                  d -----

                   f  -----

14 mrudKqjl bf,lafg%dak msrSfus oS m<uqj bf,lafg%dak we;=¿jk m%Odk ugsgfus Yla;sh .ek Tng l=ula lsj yels o@

15 mrudKqjl bf,lafg%dak msrSfus oS wkq.ukh lrk f.dvkexjSfus $ wjqmandjs uQ,Oδuh ,shkak

16 oS we;s bf,lafg%dak jskHdihg .e,fmk uQ, o%jHh f;darkak

X        ----          1 s² , 2s²,  2p³

Y        ----          1 s² , 2s²,  2p ⁴

17 jvd ia:dhS mrudKqj f,i i,lkafka l=ula o@ thg fya;=j l=ula o@

18 jvd ia:dhS mrudKqj f,i i,lkafka l=ula o@ thg fya;=j l=ula o@

P        ----          1 s² , 2s²,2p¹

Q        ----          1 s² , 2s²

19 wdj¾;s;djla fhdod .ksuska  tjeks  ia:dhS;djla fmkajk fjk;a mrudKqjl bf,lafg%dak jskHdih ,shkak

A        ----          

B        ----          

C        ----          1 s² , 2s²,  2p⁶, 3s² 

D        ----          1 s² , 2s²,  2p ⁶, 3s²  3p¹

ldlaIslhla w¾O jYfhka msrSu fyda iusmQ¾K jYfhka msrSu mrudKqjl ia:dhs njg fya;= fjhs

fuu fya;=j ksid  iuyr uq, o%jH j,  bf,lafg%dak jskHdih n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk f.dvkexjSfus $ wjqmandjs uQ,Oδuh jvd fjkia fjhs’ $ wm.ukh fjhs

20 mrudKql l%udxl 30 wvq  ljr uq, o%jH wdYs%;j fujekakla y|qkd.; yels o@  tys n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk bf,lafg%dak jskHdih ,shkak

tys mj;sk jskHdih l=ula o@

tys mj;sk jskHdih l=ula o@

  

Spectrum 2

jsoHq;a pqusnl ;rx.   2

1 ;rx.hl ixLHd;h v  ;rx. wdhduh    ג kus j jsoHq;a pqusnl ;rx.hl m%fjs.h ,nd .kafka flfia o@

2 ma,dkala ksh;h h okafka kus jsoHq;a pqusnl ;rx.hl Yla;sh E fidhd .; yelsh

    6.624 X10^-34 Js  = h

3 fuu iuslrK j,g wkqj ;rx.hl Yla;sh yd ;rx. wdhduh  w;r iusnkaO;dj l=ula o@

4 ;rx.hl Yla;sh wvqjk jsg tys ;rx. wdhduhg l=ula isoqfjhs o@

5 jsoHq;a pqusnl j¾Kdj,sh ilid we;af;a flfia o@

6 usksia weig y|qkd .; yelafla ljr mrdihg wh;a ;rx. wdhduhka o@

           ous                     360  nm  -    420 nm  

          bkavsf.da               420 nm    -    455  nm

          ks,a                     455  nm –-    470 nm

          fld<                   470 nm  -   550 nm  

          ly                     550 nm  -    580 nm  

          ;eUs,s                  580 nm  -  620 nm  

          r;=                     620 nm  -   700 nm  

    

7 wvq u ;rx. wdhduh $ jevsu ixLHd;h we;af;a ljr  j¾K j,g wh;a jsoHq;a pqusnl ;rx. j,g o@  

           

8  ,s;shus ,jKhla  nkaika   oe,a,g  we,a,Q jsg r;= jraKh ,enqfka wehs@

9 usksidf.a wei ixfjsos jk mrdih l=ula o@

360 nm   - 700 nm  

10     700 nm  jevs mrdih ljr kulska y|qka jhs o@ thg wh;a Tn okakd fjk;a ;rx.j, kus ,shkak

11      420 nm  wvq mrdih ljr kulska y|qka jhs o@ thg wh;a Tn okakd fjk;a ;rx.j, kus ,shkak

mdrcdusnQ, mrdih

  

12 my; oelafjk ld¾hhka j,oS fhdod .kakd tla tla ;rx. wdldr j, ku ,shkak

wia:s ns|Su y|qkd .ekSug  ---  

ms<sld j,g m%;sldr lsrsu  ---   

nkaOk os. fijsu    --- 

iaMgsl PdhdrEm .eksu  ---  X lsrK

 uqo,a fkdagsgqj, ryia wxl lshjSu  --- 

fN!; psls;ail m%;sldr i|yd  ---- 

oqria: md,l j,  --- 

 .=jka jsoq,s yd rEm jdyskS ikaksfjs okh  ---- 

Woqkaj, ls%hdldrs;ajh --- 

jsInsc keiSug  ---- 

j¾Kdj,slaI jsYaf,aIKh  ---  

j¾Kus;sl jsYaf,aIKh   ---oDYH ;rx.

13 iqoq wdf,dalh jsjsO ;rx. wdhduhkag wkqj fjka lrkafka flfia o@

14 tysoS Ndjs;hg .kafka tu ;rx. j, ljr .=Kdx.h o@

15 j¾Kdj,SlaIhla ;=,ska  iqoq wdf,dalh foi ne,Sfus oS  l=ula ksrSlaIKh l< yels o@

 16  r;= j¾K ;Srejla jYfhka osiajsug fya;=j l=ula o@

17 hus wjia:djloS tla ixLHd;hlg 700 nm  wh;a jsoHq;a pqusnl jslsrK ksl=;a fjhs kus ljr ksrslaIKhla ,efnkq we;a o@

18 ksYaps; fraLd jla ,efnkafka l=ula ksid o@

19 ljr f,day ,jK nkaika oe,a,g we,a,Q jsg j¾Kdj,SlaIhla ;=,ska  ksrslaiSfus oS fld< j¾Khg wh;a f¾Ldjla ,nd fohs o@

20 yhsv%cka jdhq mrudKq iys; k,hlg jsoHq;a  Yla;sh ,enqKq jsg ksl=;ajk  jsoHq;a pqusnl jslsrK j, oDYH mrdih y|qkd .;af;a ljq o@

21 tu oDYH j¾Kdj,sh wdY%fhka mrudKqj ms<sn| wkdjels mejiQfha ljq o@

22 Yla;sh ,nd .;ajsg bf,lafg%dak W;af;acs; ;;ajhg m;ajk nj o tjeks bf,lafg%dak by< Yla;s ugsgulg we;=,q jSu isoqjk njo fuysoS fmkajd oS we; jsoHq;a pqusnl jslsrK ksl=;a jkafka l=uk wjia:d fjsoso

23 oDYH j¾Kdj,sh f¾Ld lShla ,enqfka o@

 24 yhsv%cka jdhq mrudKqj, j,g Yla;sh ,enqKq jsg  ksl=;ajk jsoHq;a pqusnl jslsrK fya;=fjka j¾Kj;a f¾Ld 4la ,efnhs tu j¾K fudkjd o@

25 yhsv%cka jdhq mrudKqj, j,g Yla;sh ,enqKq jsg  ksl W;af;acs; ;;ajhg $ ielUqkq wjia:dj g  m;a fjhs mj;sk ugsgug jvd by< Yla;s ugsgulg .uka l<o tysoS we;sjk wia:dhS Ndjh ksid isoq jkafka l=ula o@

26 iEu jsgu ksYaps; f¾Ld fY%aKshla ,enqfka wehs @

27 r;= j¾Khg fya;=jk  jsoHq;a pqusnl jslsrK iEoqfka wehs@

28 ous j¾Khg fya;=jk   jsoHq;a pqusnl jslsrK iEoqfka wehs@

29 my; oelafjk tla tla f¾Ld w;sjSug fya;= fokak

Hα   --- 

Hβ--- 

Hγ --- 

Hδ --

30 fojk Yla;s ugsgfus isg m<uq  Yla;s ugsgug bf,lafg%dak we;=,q jSfusoS ljr mrdifha ;rx. ,efnhs o@

31 tu f¾Ld fidhd .;af;a ljqreka o2

32  by< Yla;s ugsgfus isg f;jk Yla;s m<uq  Yla;s ugsgug bf,lafg%dak we;=,q jSfusoS ljr mrdifha ;rx. ,efnhs o@

33 tu fY%aKsh y|qkajk ku l=ula o@

34 f¾Ld w;r mr;rh l%ufhka wvqjkafka ljr osYdjg o@

30 tysos f¾Ld fjkqjg m<,a ;Sre olakg ,enqfka wehs@

31 tu ksrslaIKh u.ska .; yels ks.ukh l=ula o@

35 iqlaIu l%u u.ska fuu f¾Ldjla mrslaId l< jsg ishqus f¾Ld fY%aKshlska iEoS we;s nj fmfkhs thska ;yjqre jkafka l=ula o@

Light waves

 jsoHq;a pqusnl ;rx.


1 Odrdjla f.k hk ikakdhlhla jgd  pqusnl lafI;%hla we; thg ,usn.j jsoHq;a wfrdamKksid we;s jk jsoHq;a lafI;%hla o we;

m%;Hj¾; Odrdjla yd ir, Odrdjla w;r fjki l=ulao

2  Tnf.a ksjig ,efnk Odrdj ;;amrhg lS jdrhla osYdj fjkia lrhs o@ $foda,kh fjhso@

3 fus ksid ikakdhlh jgd msysgk  pqusnl lafI;%h yd  jsoHq;a lafI;%h o tu ixLHd;fhka  m%;Hj¾;kh fjhs ixLHd;h     jevs lrk  jsg pqusnl lafI;%h yd  jsoHq;a lafI;%h   jvd;a wE;g me;srS hhs 

jsoHq;a yd pqusnl lafI;%h ;rx. iajrEmfhka wE;g iusfm%aIKh jSug kus ikakfhlfha foda,k ixLHd;h lShla jsh hq;=o@

4 tu ;rx.  jsoHq;a pqusnl ;rx. f,i y|qkajkafka wehs@

5 ;rx. f,i iusfm%aIKh jkafka l+ula o@

6 jsoHq;a pqusnl ;rx. ms<sn| jdoh bosrsm;a lf<a ljq o@

7 fuu ;rx. j, ,laIK fudkjd o@

8 iQ¾hdf,dalh o jsoHq;a  yd pqusnl  sjslsrK jsfYaIhls ta i|yd Yla;sh imhkafka l=ulskao@

9  r;ajQ f,day mDIaGhla Yafjs; ;ma; jkjsg  oDYH wdf,dalh ,nd fohs tjeks wjia:djlg  WodyrK fokak

10 fujeks jsoHq;a pqusnl  sjslsrK m%;sosma;  myka u.ska ks;=;a lrhs ai |yd Yla;sh imhkafka flfia o@

11 ta ;=, wvx.= jdhqj i|yka lrkak

12 wOsl  jsNjhla mj;sk jsg $ jsoHq;a Odrdjla u.ska r;a lrk jsg fujeks mykl we;s iQ;s%ldjla l=ula ksoyia lrhs o@

13 riosh jdIam mrudKq j, bf,lafg%dak .egSu  ksid ielUqkq wjia:djg m;ajS kej; idudkH ;;ajhg m;ajSfus oS Yla;sh msg fjhs  th ljr jsoHq;a  pqusnl   jslsrKhla ksmojsug iu;a fjhs o@

14 oDYH wdf,dalh ,efnkafka l=ula ksid o@

15 jsjsO j¾K j,ska hq;a m%;sosma;  myka we; ljr fjkila ksid fuh isoqfjhs o@

16 fhdod .kakd tla tla jdhqj wkqj ,efnk j¾Kh ,shkak

ksfhdka        ---  

riosh jdIam   --- 

riosh jdIam  -yd ksfhdka   ---

fidavshus jdIam  ---